862 CE
According to the Russian Primary Chronicle, the Varangian chieftain Rurik established himself at Novgorod, an event traditionally regarded as the founding moment of the first Russian state.
Politics & Power
- According to the Primary Chronicle, compiled centuries later, the Slavic and Finnic tribes of the Novgorod region invited the Varangian (Norse) leader Rurik and his brothers to rule over them, establishing a dynasty that would govern the Rus lands for over seven centuries.
- While the historical accuracy of the invitation narrative is debated by modern scholars, the arrival of Norse rulers in the Novgorod region and their integration with the local Slavic population is supported by archaeological evidence and marks the traditional beginning of Russian statehood.
Climate & Environment
- Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was approximately 276 parts per million, as later confirmed by ice core analysis.
Population & Demographics
- World population is estimated to have been approximately 272 million.